Bernard "Bernie" Madoff was the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, and the admitted operator
of a Ponzi scheme that is considered to be the largest financial fraud in U.S. history.
In March 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management
business into a massive Ponzi scheme that defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars.
Madoff said he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s. However, federal investigators believe
the fraud began as early as the 1970s,and those charged with recovering the missing money believe the
investment operation may never have been legitimate.
The amount missing from client accounts, including fabricated
gains, was almost $65 billion. The court-appointed trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $18 billion.
On June 29, 2009, he was sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum allowed